ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀ톖î}·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡°éëSÖøÎÒ‡øµÄ½›ú°lÕ¹²½·¥ÈÕÒæѸËÙ£¬½ðÈÚïLëUÒѽ›B͸µ½Éç•þµÄ·½·½ÃæÃæ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇС¾ŽJ.Lžé´ó¼Ò·ÖÏíµÄêPÓÚëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀ톖î}Ö®Õ“ÎÄ·¶ÎÄ¡£
¡¡¡¡ÕªÒª£ºëSÖøÎÒ‡øÊЈö½›úówÖƵÄÖðuÍêÉÆ£¬½ðÈÚówϵµÃÒÔ”U´óé_·Å£¬Íⲿ”_„ÓŒ¦‡øƒÈ½ðÈÚÊЈöµÄÓ°í‘Óú¼ÓŠÁÒ¡£Ä¿Ç°ÖЇø늾Wؓ؟ßh¾àëx´óÈÝÁ¿µÄݔ늹¤×÷£¬ÒÔ±£³ÖÓÃ늺Ͱl늵Äƽºâ¡£Òò´Ë£¬žéÁËÔÚ‡À¾þµÄ½ðÈÚh¾³Ï´ÙßMëŠÁ¦Æó˜IµÄ·€²½°lÕ¹£¬ÐèÒªŒ¦Ô“Æó˜IµÄ½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀíÌá³ö¸ü¸ßµÄÒªÇó¡£±¾ÎÄĸÅÊöÆó˜I½ðÈÚïLëUÈëÊÖ£¬·ÖÎöÁËÄ¿Ç°ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀí´æÔڵĆ–î}£¬²¢ÓÐᘌ¦ÐÔµØÌá³öÁ˽â›QŒ¦²ß¡£
¡¡¡¡êPæIÔ~£ºëŠÁ¦Æó˜I;½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀí;†–î}Œ¦²ß
¡¡¡¡1Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¸ÅÊö
¡¡¡¡½ðÈÚïLëUÊÇ•þŒ¦½›úÖ÷ówµÄÙY®aºÍÊÕÈë®aÉú²»´_¶¨ÐÔӰ푵ÄÒ»·NïLëU¡£ÄïLëU˜‹³ÉÒªËØÉÏ·ÖÎö£¬Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëUÊÇÓÉÀûÂÊ¡¢×Cȯƒr¸ñºÍ…RÂʵȽðÈÚ׃Á¿°lÉúµÄ·ÇîAÆÚ׃„ÓÒýÆðµÄ£¬¶øß@·N׃„Ó°üÀ¨ÒÔϽ›ú¡¢ÕþÖΡ¢Éç•þÈýîʼþ£¬´ú±íÖøÔÚ°lÉúÏàêP(½›ú¡¢ÕþÖΡ¢Éç•þ)ʼþ֮ǰ²»ÄÜîAÏÈÖªµÀµÄ׃»¯¡£ÆäÖУ¬½›úïLëU²ÅÊÇÒ»°ãÒâÁxÉϵĽðÈÚïLëU¡£Æó˜IËùÃæÅRµÄ½ðÈÚïLëU£¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇ…RÂÊïLëUºÍÀûÂÊïLëU¡£
¡¡¡¡1.1…RÂÊïLëU
¡¡¡¡…RÂÊïLëUÓÖ·QÍâ…RïLëU£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÔÚ³ÖÓлòß\ÓÃÍâ…RµÄ½›ú»î„ÓÖУ¬Òò…RÂÊ׃„Ó¶ø¹«Ë¾µÄÓ¯ÀûºÍÊЈöƒrÖµÃÉÊÜ“pʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¡£Ò»°ãÇé›rÏ£¬Æó˜I•þÃæÅR½»Ò×ïLëU¡¢ÕÛËãïLëUºÍ½›úïLëUµÈ…RÂÊïLëU£¬ÆäÖн»Ò×ïLëUÊǽ›úÖ÷ówÒòÍâ…R…RÂʵÄ׃„Ó¶øÃÉÊÜ“pʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬ÓÉ¿ÉÄܵÄïLëUºÍ´_¶¨µÄïLëU½M³É¡£ÕÛËãïLëU´ú±íµÄÊǹ¦ÄÜØ›ŽÅÔÚÞD“Q³ÉÓ›Ù~Ø›ŽÅ•rµÄÙ~Ãæ“pʧ£¬·Öžé“pÒæµÄÕÛËãïLëUºÍÙY®aØ“‚ùµÄÕÛËãïLëU¡£½›úïLëUÓÖ·Q½› IïLëU£¬Ö¸…RÂÊ׃„ÓӰ푵½Æó˜IµÄ®aäNÁ¿¡¢ƒr¸ñ¡¢³É±¾µÈ£¬Ä¶øʹÆó˜IδíÒ»¶¨ÆÚégÊÕÒæ»ò¬F½ðÁ÷Á¿ÊÕµ½“ÔÚ“pʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¡£
¡¡¡¡1.2ÀûÂÊïLëU
¡¡¡¡ÀûÂÊïLëUÊÇÖ¸ÊЈöÀûÂʵÄ׃„Ó½o½›ú»î„Ó…¢ÅcÕßÔì³É“pʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬Ê¹½›úŒówµÄŒëHÊÕÒæÅcîAÆÚÊÕÒæ»òŒëH³É±¾ÅcîAÆÚ®aÉú±³ëx¡£ÀûÂÊïLëU¿ÉÒÔ·ÖžéÖØж¨ƒrïLëU¡¢»ù²îïLëU¡¢ÊÕÒæÂÊÇú¾€ïLëUºÍÆÚ™àïLëUËÄî¡£ÆäÖУ¬ÖØж¨ƒrïLëUÊÇ×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÀûÂÊïLëU£¬ËüÊÇÓÉŒ¦¸¡„ÓÀûÂʶøÑÔµÄÖØж¨ƒr•régÅcŒ¦¹Ì¶¨ÀûÂʶøÑԵĵ½ÆÚÈÕÖ®égµÄ²»Æ¥Åä®aÉúµÄ£¬Ö»Òª´æÔÚÖØж¨ƒrȱ¿Ú£¬¾Í•þŽ§íÀûÂÊïLëU;¶ø»ù²îïLëU£¬•þëSÖøÀûÂÊÊЈö»¯µÄÍÆßM¶øÏà‘ªÔö¼Ó;®”éLÆÚ‚ùȯµÄÊÕÒæÂʸßÓÚ¶ÌÆÚ‚ùȯµÄÊÕÒæÂÊ•r£¬²»´æÔÚÊÕÒæÂÊÇú¾€ïLëU£¬·´Ö®„t´æÔÚ;ÆÚ™àïLëUÊÇÓÉãyÐп͑ôÐÐʹë[º¬ÆÚ™à½oãyÐÐÔì³É“pʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬Ô“ïLëUÔÚÖЇøÉ̘IãyÐÐÈÕÒæÍ»³ö¡£
¡¡¡¡2ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄ†–î}
¡¡¡¡2.1Æó˜IµÄïLëU¹ÜÀíówϵؽ´ýÍêÉÆ
¡¡¡¡¬FëA¶Î´ó²¿·ÖëŠÁ¦ÐИIµÄïLëU·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß·Nî…T·¦£¬ÉÐδÒýßM×¢ÈëïLëUÆ«ºÃ¡¢ïLëU³ÐÊÜÁ¦¡¢ïLëUŒ¦²ß¡¢‰ºÁ¦œyÔ‡¡¢Çé¾°·ÖÎöµÈ·ÖÎö¹¤¾ß£¬Òò´Ë¿‚µÄíÕf£¬¶à”µëŠÁ¦Æó˜I²¢Î´ÐγÉÍêÕûµÄïLëU¹ÜÀíówϵ¿ò¼Ü£¬ß@Ôںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÔö´óÁËÆó˜IŒ¦®”Ç°ïLëU î›rÅДàµÄ²»´_¶¨ÐÔºÍÍësÐÔ¡£²»ƒHÈç´Ë£¬ëŠÁ¦Æó˜IµÄƒÈ¿ØÖƶÈҲؽ´ý½¡È«£¬ÈçÔÚÔ\”àºËÐăȿØÁ÷³Ì¡¢ƒž»¯ÏàêPƒÈ¿Ø·½°¸·½Ãæ½›òž²»×ã¡£ÊÂŒÉÏ£¬Æó˜I‘ª¸ñÍâêP×¢ïLëU¹ÜÀí£¬ÔÚßMÐÐÙYÔ´·ÖÅäµÄß^³ÌÖÐÒýÓÃïLëU¹ÜÀíÀíÄÒÔÌá¸ßÆó˜I¾CºÏЧÒæ¡£
¡¡¡¡2.2Æó˜IïLëU¹ÜÀ푪ÓôæÔÚ¾ÖÏÞÐÔ
¡¡¡¡ëŠÁ¦Æó˜IµÄ½ðÈÚïLëU£¬Éæ¼°Éú®a¡¢Ø”„Õ¡¢ÊЈö¡¢·¨Âɵķ½·½ÃæÃ棬Òò´ËÔÚßMÐÐïLëU¹ÜÀí•r£¬Ò²ÒªêP×¢µ½¸÷‚€îIÓò£¬ßMÐÐÈ«ÃæµÄºÏÀíÒŽ„¡£È»¶øß@·NÓ^üc£¬²¢Î´±»½^´ó¶à”µµÄÆó˜I¹ÜÀíÕßËù½ÓÊÜ£¬Ëû‚ƒÕJžéÖ»ÓÐÕ¼“þÙYÔ´×î¶àµÄÉú®aîIÓòµÄïLëU¹ÜÀí²ÅÊDZØÒªµÄ£¬ÔÚÆäËûîIÓòŒÐÐïLëU¿ØÖÆÊÇÒ»·NÙYÔ´µÄÀËÙM¡£Óɴ˸÷¼‰ëŠÁ¦²¿éT³öÅ_ÁË´óÁ¿µÄÒŽÕÂÖƶȣ¬ÒÔÒŽ·¶ºÍÖªµÀ°²È«Éú®a£¬ŒÐÐëŠÁ¦²¿éTÉú®a…^ÓòµÄïLëU»Ø±ÜºÍÉƺóÌŽÖ㬶øºöÂÔÁËÆäËûîIÓòïLëUµÄÒŽ·¶»¯¹ÜÀí¡£
¡¡¡¡2.3ÈÕ³£ïLëU¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷ÖÈÐò»ìy
¡¡¡¡ïLëUÅcïLëUÖ®égÄ܉ò»¥ÏàÓ°í‘£¬ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖÐͬ•r³ö¬F²»Í¬ïLëU•r£¬ïLëU¿ÉÄÜ¿ÉÒÔ»¥ÏàµÖÏû£¬Œ¦¹¤×÷²»®aÉúÓ°í‘Ò²ÓпÉÄܯB¼ÓÔÚÒ»Æ𣬼ӄ¡Œ¦¹¤×÷µÄÓ°í‘¡£Œ¦ëŠÁ¦Æó˜IµÄ²¿éT¶øÑÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚÿ‚€²¿éTÔÚïLëU¹ÜÀíÉÏÖØÒ•µÄ–|Î÷¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬²»Í¬²¿éTÔÚ¹²Í¬¹ÜÀíÉϱã´æÔÚ©¶´£¬¹ÜÀíÉϵÄ©¶´Œ§Ö¹¤×÷®aÉúïLëU¡£ÁíÍ⣬ºÜ¶à²¿éTÏ£ÍûÆó˜I¹ÜÀíŒÓßMÐÐïLëU¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷µÄÖÐÐÄÔÚ±¾²¿éTÉÏ£¬Ïò¹ÜÀíŒÓÃèÊö•rÓÐÒâ·Å´ó±¾²¿éTïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄÖØÒªÐÔ£¬Œ§ÖÂÆó˜IµÄ¹ÜÀíŒÓåeÕ`¹ÀÓ‹Ô“²¿éTïLëUºó¹û£¬·Ö²»Ç岻ͬ²¿éTµÄ²»Í¬ïLëUµÄÝpÖؾ¼±¡£
¡¡¡¡3¸ÄÉÆëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄŒ¦²ß
¡¡¡¡3.1é_չȫÃæµÄïLëU¹ÜÀí
¡¡¡¡È«ÃæµÄïLëU¹ÜÀíÒªÒÔÈ«ÃæµÄïLëU½y»IÒŽ„žéé_¶Ë£¬Œ¢ËùÓÐïLëU¼{Èë¹ÜÀíówϵµÄ·¶® ¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÒÀ“þÆó˜IµÄh¾³ÐèÇóºÍ°lÕ¹‘ðÂÔ£¬½¨Á¢¾CºÏµÄïLëU¹ÜÀíîIŒ§¼Ü˜‹£¬²¢ÔÚ´Ë»ùµAÉÏÐγÉïLëU¹ÜÀí¿ò¼Ü£¬ÔÚ¿ò¼ÜÖ®ÏÂŒ¤ÕÒßmºÏÆó˜IŒëH°lÕ¹ î›rµÄ¹ÜÀí·½·¨¡£ÁíÍ⣬Æó˜I‘ª¸ù“þ¸÷²¿éTšÄÜØŸÈηÖÅ䌦‘ªµÄïLëU¹ÜÀíÈ΄գ¬ÔÚ¸÷²¿éTÖ®ég˜‹½¨ÆðÈ«†T…¢ÅcïLëU¹ÜÀíØŸÈηÖÅäºÍ±O¿Øówϵ¹¤×÷µÄš؟êPϵ£¬´ÙʹÆó˜IÈ«ÃæïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄ·½·¨ºÍÁ÷³ÌÒŽ·¶»¯£¬ÒÔÇÐŒµØÍÆßMÆó˜Ié_Õ¹¿ÆŒWµÄïLëU¹ÜÀí¡£
¡¡¡¡3.2ÍêÉƽðÈÚïL¹Ü½M¿—™C˜‹£¬ŒÐЄӑBïLëU±O¿Ø
¡¡¡¡ÒªÍêÉƽðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀí½M¿—½Y˜‹½¨ÔO£¬Ã÷´_ºÍÒŽ·¶ÏàêP²¿éTµÄ¹ÜÀíš؟¡£ÔÚš؟·¶‡úƒÈ¸÷²¿éTÒªÔÚÈÕ³£ÖÐŒÐÐïLëU„Ó‘B±O¿Ø£¬²¢Í¨ß^·ÖÎö™CÖÆß\ÐÐЧ¹ûµÄºÃ‰Ä¼°³É±¾Õ{ÕûïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄ¹¤×÷Á÷³Ì£¬²»”àÍêÉÆïL¹ÜówϵºÍŒÊ©²ßÂÔ¡£´ËÍ⣬߀ҪעÖØÅàÓýïLëU¹ÜÀí·½ÃæµÄƒžÐãÈ˲ţ¬ØS¸»Æó˜IïL¹ÜÎÄ»¯£¬Œ¬F¸ü¸ßŒÓ´ÎµÄïL¹ÜÄ¿˜Ë¡£ÒªÌØ„e×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬È«ÃæïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄÁ÷³ÌµÃÒÔí˜ÀûÍÆßMµÄêPæI£¬ÔÚÓÚ±£³ÖËùÓмš·Öß^³ÌÖеÄÐÅÏ¢œÏͨ형³£¬œpÉÙÐÅÏ¢²»Œ¦·Q¬FÏóµÄ°lÉú£¬³ö¬F†–î}¼°•rœÏͨ£¬¸÷·½Ãæ…fÕ{½â›Q¡£
¡¡¡¡3.3ÞD׃½› I¹ÜÀíÓ^ÄÔöŠ½ðÈÚïLëU¹Ü¿ØÒâ×R
¡¡¡¡Ö»ÓÐÞD׃ƫÖØÉú®aîIÓòïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄ‚÷½yÓ^Ä½oÓè½ðÈÚïLëUͬµÈÉõÖÁ¸ü´óµÄêP×¢¶È£¬²ÅÄÜžé¼ÓŠÎÒ‡øëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀíĸù±¾ÉÏ’ßÇåÕϵK¡£½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷ÒªÇóÄéLßhµÄ¡¢È«¾ÖµÄ½Ç¶È˼¿¼ÐО鷽ʽ£¬Æó˜I¹ÜÀíȈT‘ªÔÚïLëU¹ÜÀíÎÄ»¯·½Ãæ×öºÃ½yŽ›×÷Óã¬Í¨ß^ÏàêPµÄÅàÓ–ºÍÉî¶ÈµÄœÏͨíÖð²½ÔöŠÃ¿Ò»ŒÓ¼‰†T¹¤µÄïLëUÒâ×R£¬Ê¹†T¹¤²»”àµØÄŒÛ`½›òžÖÐÎüÈ¡½ÌÓ–¡£ÔÚºêÓ^h¾³Ï£¬ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I߀Ҫ¼ÓŠ½ðÈÚïL¹Ü´óÎÄ»¯µÄÐû‚÷£¬Í¨ß^“ÒÆĬ»¯µØB͸Ӱ푆T¹¤µÄ˼¿¼·½Ê½£¬Ä¸ù±¾ÉÏÞD׃ïL¿ØÓ^Äî¡£
¡¡¡¡4½YÕZ
¡¡¡¡°éëSÖøÎÒ‡øµÄ½›ú°lÕ¹²½·¥ÈÕÒæѸËÙ£¬½ðÈÚïLëUÒѽ›B͸µ½Éç•þµÄ·½·½ÃæÃæ¡£×÷žéêPϵµ½‡øÓ‹ÃñÉúµÄëŠÁ¦Æó˜I£¬Œ¦½ðÈÚïLëUµÄ¹ÜÀíºÍ¿ØÖÆÊÇÊ®·Ö±ØÒªµÄ¡£ß@¾ÍÒªÇó¹ÜÀíÕß¾ßÓÐÇ°Õ°ÐÔ£¬ÃÜÇÐÅäºÏÎÒ‡øÊЈö¸Ä¸ïµÄ²½·¥¡£¿‚Ö®£¬ÔöŠ½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀíÒâ×RÊÇ»ùµAÒ²ÊǸù±¾£¬ëSºóÒª½¨Á¢Íê‚äµÄïL¹Ü½M¿—™C˜‹é_Õ¹¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷£¬Í¬•rÒªÅäºÏÏàêPÖƶȽ¨ÔOžéïL¿Ø±£ñ{×oº½£¬´ÙßMëŠÁ¦Æó˜IµÄ½¡¿µ·€¶¨°lÕ¹¡£
¡¡¡¡…¢¿¼ÎÄ«I:
¡¡¡¡[1]êÑàÁá.½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀíµÄÑÝßM£º„ÓÒò¡¢Ó°í‘¼°†¢Ê¾[J].ÖÐÑëØ”½›´óŒWŒWˆó;2006Äê07ÆÚ.
¡¡¡¡[2]³£Ñ©·å.Õ„ÈçºÎ½¡È«ºÍÍêÉÆëŠÁ¦Æó˜IƒÈ²¿¿ØÖÆ[J].¿Æ¼¼Çéˆóé_°lÅc½›ú,2008(03).
¡¡¡¡[3]êϲÉú.œ\Õ„ëŠÁ¦Æó˜IïLëU¹ÜÀíÅcŒ¦²ß°Ù¿ÆÕ“…²,2010(01).
¡¡¡¡[4]¹ùÏé÷.œ\Õ„ÎÒ‡øëŠÁ¦ÐИIµÄ½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀí[J].µÍ̼ÊÀ½ç,2013,30(13):32-36.
¡¡¡¡[5]ˆ·f.ÒÔïLëU¹ÜÀížéºËÐĵÄëŠÁ¦Æó˜IƒÈ²¿¿ØÖÆówϵÑо¿[J].³ÇÊн¨ÔOÀíÕ“Ñо¿,2014,32(17):56-58.
¡¾ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀ톖î}·ÖÎö¡¿ÏàêPÎÄÕ£º
ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I½ðÈÚïLëU¹ÜÀí¼°ÏàêP†–î}Ñо¿12-07
Œ¦ëŠÁ¦Æó˜IØ”„ÕîAËã¹ÜÀíÖдæÔڵĆ–î}ßMÐзÖÎö12-11
½ðÈÚïLëUϽðÈÚÐÌ·¨†–î}̽Îö11-18
ëŠÁ¦Æó˜I°²È«Éú®a¹ÜÀíÖдæÔڵĆ–î}Õ“ÎÄ12-24
œ\Õ„ëŠÁ¦Æó˜IÈËÁ¦ÙYÔ´¹ÜÀ톖î}¼°Œ¦²ß11-22
‡øÆóн³ê¹ÜÀ톖î}¼°Œ¦²ß·ÖÎöÕ“ÎÄ02-26
ëŠÄÜÓ‹Á¿ÙY®a¹ÜÀ톖î}·ÖÎöÕ“ÎÄ03-02
- ÏàêPÍÆË]