2016年MBA英語翻譯方法之定語從句譯法

　　* 無論是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句，翻譯成漢語時是處理為前置定語還是后置定語，要視具體情況而定;有些定語從句和主句存在著狀語關系，翻譯時更要靈活對待。

　　* It was what sentimentalists, who deal in very big words, call a yearning after the ideal, and simply means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may center affections, which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes.

　　* It was what sentimentalists call a yearning after the ideal, and means that women are not satisfied until they have husbands and children.

　　* 大意是說：這就是情感主義者稱之為對于理想愛情的渴望，簡單說來，就是女人必須在有了丈夫和孩子之后才能感到滿足。

　　* who引導的定語從句who deal in very big words 用來修飾sentimentalists (情感主義者)

　　* whom引導的定語從句on whom they may center affections用來修飾husbands and children

　　* which 引導的定語從句which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small changes用來修飾affections

　　* 一般情感主義者喜歡用大字眼，稱之為對于理想愛情的渴望。換言之，他們認為女人的情感平時只能零星發泄，必須有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起來有了歸宿，自己才能得到滿足。

　　前置法：

　　* 如果定語從句較短，限制能力較強，一般我們將此類定語從句譯成帶“的”的定語詞組，放在被修飾的先行詞的前面。

　　* Those who sacrifice themselves for the people’s cause are the real heroes of history.

　　* We found a restaurant where the food was excellent.

　　* There are other techniques that might help you with your English studying.

　　* 那些為了人們的事業而犧牲自己的人是真正的歷史英雄。

　　* 我們發現了一家菜肴非常好的餐館。

　　* 還有另外一些能幫你學英語的方法。

　　后置法：

　　* 如果定語從句結構較為復雜。譯成前置的定語短語顯得太長而不符合漢語表達習慣時，我們往往把定語從句與主句分譯，譯成后置的并列分句。

　　* Christmas music is loved by all who hear and sing it everywhere.

　　* I know a lot of students who want to be teachers in the future.

　　* They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.

　　* 圣誕樂曲為大家所喜愛，人們每年都在欣賞和演唱。

　　* 我認識很多學生，他們都想將來做老師。

　　* 他們正在為實現一個理想而努力，這個理想是買個中國人所珍愛的，而且過去許多中國人為了這個理想而犧牲了自己的生命。

　　* He gave me a book which I kept to this day.

　　* Stratford is the native place of Shakespeare that I have longed for.

　　* He received a leetter that announced the death of his father.

　　* Our records show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine

　　* 他曾送我一本書，我保存至今。

　　* 斯特拉特福德是莎士比亞的故鄉，是我向往的地方。

　　* 他收到一封信，說他父親去世了。

　　* 我們的記錄表明，很多年輕人，其中95%是男孩，成了電腦迷。電腦成了生活的唯一。

　　溶合法：

　　* 當定語部分所給信息與被修飾詞關系緊密、必不可少時，可將原來的語序打亂，用自己的話將原句中的主句與定語從句重新組織，譯成一個獨立的句子。

　　* There is a man down stairs who wants to see you.

　　* Thousands of red, beautiful roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.

　　* 樓下有人要見你。

　　* 春天，公園里成千上萬朵嬌艷的紅玫瑰幾乎同時盛開，讓人流連忘返。

　　非限制性定語從句

　　* He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he didn’t like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.

　　* It seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other

　　* Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it possible to be widely used in industry.

　　* All the while, George Bush, who ultimately benefit from the try that failed, sat silently by, a nearly forgotten spectator.

　　* Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area。

　　* He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair.

　　* The man had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these flowers, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.

　　* World War II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.

　　具有狀語職能的定語從句

　　* 有些定語從句在邏輯上相當于讓步、條件、原因、結果等狀語功能，這時可將此類從句譯為相應的狀語分句。

　　* A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。

　　* 司機在開車時，不許和人談話，也不能走神。(表時間)

　　* Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive theirfamilies。

　　* 人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。(表條件)

　　* He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for

　　* 盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅持要再買一幢房子。(表讓步)

　　* She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。

　　* 她對孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。(表轉折)

　　* As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.

　　* 如你所知，我們正處在一個競爭激烈的市場中，不得不將價格降到了最低限度。

　　* He wished to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.

　　* 他想寫一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對這件事的關注。

　　* The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.

　　* 大使只宴請了幾個人，因為他特想和這些人談談，聽聽他們的意見。

　　同位語從句

　　* ①同位語從句就是跟在名詞后面，表達具體內容、起解釋說明作用的從句。that是其最常見的引導詞，不能省略。

　　* ②注意下列名詞后面可接同位語從句：hope(希望), fact(事實), news(消息), problem(問題), conclusion(結論), rumor(流言), agreement(同意，協議), belief(信仰), concept(觀念，概念), idea(想法), question(問題), suggestion(提議), thought(想法), conviction(確信，定罪), doubt(懷疑), decision(決定，決心), assumption(假定，設想), evidence(跡象，證據)，等。

　　1.如果同位語從句較短，我們可以考慮把它放在先行詞之前

　　* But the idea/ that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen/ rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.

　　【意群直譯】但是這種觀點/記者必須比普通公民更深刻地理解法律/立足于對新聞媒體既定習俗和特殊責任的了解

　　* 【全句整合】但是“新聞記者必須比普通公民更深刻地理解法律”這種觀點立足于對新聞媒體既定習俗和特殊責任的了解。

　　* 【解析】that引導的同位語從句，that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen就是idea的具體內容，相當于漢語中的“……這一觀點”。正是由于同位語從句的使用，使得這句話的主語較長，這句話的主干應當是the idea rests on an understanding.

　　2. 如果同位語從句較長，放在先行詞之前對其解釋會使整個句子結構失去平衡，我們把它譯成后置的并列分句。

　　* In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

　　* 譯文 在歐洲，像在其他地方一樣，傳媒集團越來越成功

　　：這些集團將相關的電視、廣播、報紙、雜志和出版社組合在一起。

　　3. 通過詞類轉換法，將引導同位語從句的先行詞的性質進行轉變。

　　* On the other hand,/ he did not accept/ as well founded/ the charge made by some of his critics/ that, while he was a good observer,/ he had no power of reasoning.

　　* 【意群直譯】另一方面/他不接受/缺乏根據/他的一些批評家的指責/盡管他是個好觀察家/他不具備推理能力

　　* 【全句整合】另一方面，某些人批評他雖然善于觀察，卻不具備推理能力，而他認為這種說法也是缺乏根據的。

　　* 這里的名詞charge是“指控”的意思，轉換為動詞即為“某些人批評他雖然善于觀察，卻不具備推理能力……”。

　　同位語從句翻譯練習

　　* He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.

　　* 他表示希望再到中國來訪問。

　　* An obedient son, I had accepted my father’s decision that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.

　　* 作為一個孝順的兒子，我接受了父親的決定去當醫生，雖然我對這樣的前途毫無興趣。

　　* It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.

　　遲延應由他負責，這個事實是改變不了的

　　* They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.

　　* 對于他寧愿自殺也不投降的這種假設，他們是很懷疑的。

　　* But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.

　　* 但是現實地考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣一個事實：我們的前景并不妙。

　　* And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.

　　* 而且總有這種可能性――一個小小的電火花，可能會意外地繞過了最為精心設計的路線。

　　* These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.

　　* 這些領導者都是些活生生的例子，證明疾病預防措施是有效的，我們可以應付由年紀增長而自然帶來的健康問題。

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