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公衛(wèi)執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師考試《醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)》基礎(chǔ)題及答案

時(shí)間:2023-01-22 04:58:52 公衛(wèi)執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師 我要投稿
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2017公衛(wèi)執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師考試《醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)》基礎(chǔ)題及答案

  基礎(chǔ)題一:

2017公衛(wèi)執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)師考試《醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)》基礎(chǔ)題及答案

  1.細(xì)菌的革蘭染色性主要決定于:( )

  A.核質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu) B.細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu) C.細(xì)胞膜結(jié)構(gòu)

  D.磷壁酸的有無(wú) E.中介體的有無(wú)

  2.溶原性細(xì)菌是指:( )

  A.帶有前噬菌體基因組的細(xì)菌 B.帶有毒性噬菌體的細(xì)菌

  C.帶有溫和噬菌體的細(xì)菌 D.帶有R質(zhì)粒的細(xì)菌

  E.帶有F質(zhì)粒的細(xì)菌

  3.能引起內(nèi)毒素性休克的細(xì)菌成分是:( )

  A.肽聚糖 B.磷壁酸 C.LPS D.菌體抗原 E.莢膜多糖

  4.關(guān)于頓挫感染,下列敘述中哪項(xiàng)正確?( )

  A. 因宿主細(xì)胞內(nèi)有相應(yīng)抑制物 B. 因宿主細(xì)胞DNA有關(guān)基因激活

  C. 因宿主細(xì)胞缺乏有關(guān)酶 D. 因感染病毒有核酸缺失

  E. 因感染病毒抗原性轉(zhuǎn)變

  5.細(xì)菌芽胞特有的、并與其高度耐熱性有關(guān)的成分是:( )

  A.磷脂 B.肽聚糖 C.磷壁酸

  D.二氨基庚二酸 E.吡啶二羧酸

  6.下列哪種實(shí)驗(yàn)可用來(lái)檢測(cè)致癌物質(zhì)?( )

  A.Ames test B.transformation test

  C.fluctuation test D.replica plating test

  E.Widal test

  7.殺滅包括芽胞的所有微生物的方法稱作: ( )

  A.消毒 B.無(wú)菌 C.滅菌 D.滅活 E.防腐

  8. 下列無(wú)芽胞的細(xì)菌中,抵抗力最強(qiáng)的是: ( )

  A. 乙型溶血性鏈球菌 B. 金黃色葡萄球菌 C. 淋病奈瑟菌

  D. 肺炎球菌 E. 腦膜炎奈瑟菌

  9. 下列哪項(xiàng)不是病毒在細(xì)胞內(nèi)增殖的指標(biāo)?( )

  A. 細(xì)胞病變效應(yīng) B. 紅細(xì)胞吸附 C. 細(xì)胞代謝的改變

  D. 干擾現(xiàn)象 E. 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液混濁

  10.霍亂弧菌能粘附定植于小腸粘膜上皮細(xì)胞是因?yàn)榫哂校? )

  A.鞭毛 B.LTA C.菌毛 D.K抗原 E.Vi抗原

  11.對(duì)青霉素產(chǎn)生耐藥性的最常見(jiàn)的細(xì)菌是:( )

  A.Streptococcus B.Staphylococcus C.Meningococcus

  D.Gonococcus E.Pneumococcus

  12.分枝桿菌屬最突出的特點(diǎn)是:( )

  A.胞壁含大量脂質(zhì) B.無(wú)特殊結(jié)構(gòu) C.呈分枝生長(zhǎng)

  D.一般不易著色 E.抗鹽酸乙醇脫色

  13. 下列哪種物質(zhì)與結(jié)核結(jié)節(jié)和干酪樣壞死有關(guān)?( )

  A.分枝菌酸 B.蠟質(zhì)D C.磷脂

  D.索狀因子 E.硫酸腦苷脂

  14.下列哪種細(xì)菌不會(huì)引起食物中毒:( )

  A. 鼠傷寒沙門菌 B. 志賀菌 C. 蠟樣芽胞桿菌

  D. 希氏沙門菌 E. 產(chǎn)腸毒素的金黃色葡萄球菌

  15.從有正常菌群存在的部位所采取的標(biāo)本應(yīng)接種在哪種培養(yǎng)基中分離培養(yǎng)病原菌? ( )

  A.增菌培養(yǎng)基 B.營(yíng)養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基 C.選擇鑒別培養(yǎng)基

  D.基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)基 E.特殊培養(yǎng)基

  16.衣原體與病毒的相同點(diǎn)是:( )

  A.含有RNA和DNA B.有核糖體 C.嚴(yán)格細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生

  D.二分裂方式繁殖 E.對(duì)抗生素敏感

  17.新生隱球菌致病物質(zhì)主要是:( )

  A.莢膜多糖 B.芽生孢子 C.細(xì)胞壁

  D.假菌絲 E.侵襲性酶

  18.真菌的假菌絲是由哪種孢子延長(zhǎng)而形成的? ( )

  A.芽生孢子 B.大分生孢子 C.小分生孢子

  D.關(guān)節(jié)孢子 E.厚膜孢子

  19.The main infection source of epidemic type B encephalitis virus is: ( )

  A. patient B. health carrier C. young pig D. culicine(庫(kù)蚊) E. louse

  20.The main type of infection caused by Poliovirus is:( )

  A.inappareent infection B.acute infection C.chronic infection

  D.latent infection E.slow virus infection

  21.At an office visit, a 38-year-old man complains of jaundice黃疸, dark urine, anorexia厭食, abdominal pain, and malaise不適. Serologic tests are positive for both HBeAg and HbsAg. Which statement most accurately describes the virus responsible for these findings? ( )

  A. Its genome is a messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes a polyprotein.

  B. Its genome is linear double-stranded DNA.

  C. Its genome is RNA, but it replicates through a DNA intermediate.

  D. Its replication requires a helper virus.

  E. Its replication requires an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

  22. Which step in viral replication is inhibited by protease inhibitor? ( )

  A. Penetration

  B. Uncoating

  C. Transcription

  D. Replication

  E. Viral assembly

  23. A 48-year-old man has been receiving blood products for hemophilia血友病 since childhood. He is now suffering from a low-grade fever, weight loss, thrush鵝口瘡, serious bouts of diarrhea, and symptoms of pneumonia. A deficiency in the production of which substance would be most pronounced in this patient? ( )

  A. Complement components

  B. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

  C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)

  D. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  E. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

  24.A neonate is born with a small head, intracerebral calcification腦內(nèi)鈣化, rash, and swollen liver and spleen. Cells with a basophilic nuclear inclusion body are obtained from the patient’s urine, which condition describes the most prevalent consequenence of adult infection with this agent? ( )

  A. Immunosuppression and susceptibility to opportunistic diseases

  B. Mild arthritic condition with a fine lacy rash

  C. Mononucleosis with production of antibody to sheep red blood cells

  D. No serious, definable disease symptoms

  E. Pharyngoconjunctivitis咽結(jié)膜炎

  25.A virus isolated from a patient with liver disease is detergent去污劑-sensitive, and its genome is infectious, Which virus do these findings describe? ( )

  A. Echovirus

  B. Hepatitis A virus

  C. Hepatitis C virus

  D. Hepatitis E virus

  E. Papillomavirus

  參考答案

  1. B 2 . A 3. C 4. C 5. E 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. E 10. C

  11. B 12. E 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. C 20. A

  21. E 22. E 23. D 24. D 25. C

  基礎(chǔ)題二:

  C1.大多數(shù)細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)繁殖的最適pH值范圍適

  A.4.0~6.0 B.5.5~6.5 C.7.2~7.6 D.8.0~9.0 E.8.4~9.2

  B2.細(xì)菌藥物敏感性的測(cè)定及保存菌種多選用細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)繁殖的哪個(gè)期

  A.適應(yīng)期 B.對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期 C.穩(wěn)定期 D.遲緩期 E.衰亡期

  B3.吲哚試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性的細(xì)菌,是因?yàn)樗芊纸?/p>

  A.胱氨酸 B.色氨酸 C.葡萄糖 D.枸櫞酸鹽 E.乳糖

  B4.細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)繁殖的方式是以

  A.孢子出芽方式 B.二分裂法方式

  C.增殖方式 D.自我復(fù)制方式

  E.有絲分裂方式

  B5."菌落"是指

  A.細(xì)菌在固體培養(yǎng)基上生長(zhǎng)繁殖而形成肉眼可見(jiàn)的細(xì)胞集團(tuán)

  B.一個(gè)細(xì)菌在固體培養(yǎng)基上生長(zhǎng)繁殖而形成肉眼可見(jiàn)的細(xì)胞集團(tuán)

  C.一個(gè)菌細(xì)胞

  D.不同種的細(xì)菌在液體培養(yǎng)基上形成肉眼可見(jiàn)的細(xì)胞集團(tuán)

  E.細(xì)菌在營(yíng)養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基上生長(zhǎng)繁殖而形成肉眼可見(jiàn)的細(xì)胞集團(tuán)

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